Sistemas Lidar para control de tráfico

Peer Reviewe

Earlinet single calculus chain: new products overview

The Single Calculus Chain (SCC) is an automatic and flexible tool to analyze raw lidar data using EARLINET quality assured retrieval algorithms. It has been already demonstrated the SCC can retrieve reliable aerosol backscatter and extinction coefficient profiles for different lidar systems. In this paper we provide an overview of new SCC products like particle linear depolarization ratio, cloud masking, aerosol layering allowing relevant improvements in the atmospheric aerosol characterization.Peer ReviewedPostprint (published version

Homodyne laser radar system for surface displacement monitoring

A prototype of a homodyne laser radar system for surface displacement monitoring using the reference beam technique is presented. The prototype is very simple, is easy to align and focus, and is able to measure the velocity of the surface displacement at distances up to 16 m. We present an optical analysis of the prototype, a power budget, a criterion on tolerance in distance and laboratory measurements.Peer Reviewe

Temporal statistics of the beam-wander contribution to scintillation in ground-to-satellite optical links

The beam-wander contribution to the scintillation in a ground-to-satellite free-space optical link is one of major importance. An analytical model, based on the duality between beam wander and angle-of-arrival fluctuations, is proposed for the temporal statistics. The expression of the probability density function of the log-amplitude fluctuations is first obtained. Then, the expressions of the spatial and temporal autocovariances are also obtained. We present plots of the beam-wander contribution to the logamplitude variance, as a function of the transmitter aperture size and the turbulence accumulated in the propagation path. We also present the angular fluctuation and log-amplitude scintillation spectrum plots for some selected cases. © 2005 Optical Society of AmericaPostprint (published version

Depolarization channel for barcelona lidar. Implementation and preliminary measurements

A new depolarization channel has beenimplemented in the BarcelonaTech University(UPC) multi-wavelength lidar system. The opticaland mechanical designs are presented. The specialconfiguration of the total power channel is alsodetailed, with the relevant aspects in measurement inversion. Some preliminary measurements arepresented for Saharan dust intrusion events.Peer ReviewedPostprint (published version

Lineamientos para la formulación de proyectos de inversión, enfocado al emprendimiento de negocios propios por parte de los futuros profesionales en Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia de la Universidad de El Salvador.

El Salvador durante los últimos años ha experimentado una serie de cambios en el ámbito económico, desarrollo en negocios y empresas de diferentes rubros pero ante ello también surgen dificultades y limitantes para el desarrollo de nuevos emprendedores de mercado debido a la falta de experiencia, recursos económicos, etc.; las clínicas veterinarias es uno de los servicios con aumento en demanda en la actualidad por las familias que deciden tener animales domésticos en sus hogares los cuales día a día aumentan en número La Universidad de El Salvadores cuna de los mejores profesionales ponen a disposición la carrera de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia para poder aportar los conocimientos necesarios en el cuido de animales y poder brindar un servicio de calidad con trato digno a estos, sin embargo durante sus estudios por su especialidad no reciben los conocimientos en (finanzas, contabilidad y administración de empresas), experiencias y las herramientas necesarias para que puedan emprender sus propios negocios obteniendo resultados negativos o en algunos casos deciden ser empleados de otros negocios obteniendo remuneraciones bajas o buscar actividades fuera de su conocimiento de estudio. Ante tal situación surge la necesidad de crear lineamientos que ayude en la orientación, facilitando a los emprendedores de la medicina veterinaria la creación de sus negocios propios orientados a clínicas veterinarias, hospital veterinario, laboratorios o granjas; determinando puntos de equilibrio, periodos de recuperación de inversión, toman de decisiones de inversión y financiamiento, y las disposiciones normativas establecidas por el Consejo de Vigilancia de la Profesión de la Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia; llevando a estos al desarrollo y posicionamiento en el mercado evitando que los profesionales en materia no queden en posición de autoempleo

Temporal analysis of laser beam propagation in the atmosphere using computer-generated long phase screens

Temporal analysis of the irradiance at the detector plane is intended as the first step in the study of the mean fade time in a free optical communication system. In the present work this analysis has been performed for a Gaussian laser beam propagating in the atmospheric turbulence by means of computer simulation. To this end, we have adapted a previously known numerical method to the generation of long phase screens. The screens are displaced in a transverse direction as the wave is propagated, in order to simulate the wind effect. The amplitude of the temporal covariance and its power spectrum have been obtained at the optical axis, at the beam centroid and at a certain distance from these two points. Results have been worked out for weak, moderate and strong turbulence regimes and when possible they have been compared with theoretical models. These results show a significant contribution of beam wander to the temporal behaviour of the irradiance, even in the case of weak turbulence. We have also found that the spectral bandwidth of the covariance is hardly dependent on the Rytov variance.Peer ReviewedPostprint (published version

Current research in lidar technology used for the remote sensing of atmospheric aerosols

Lidars are active optical remote sensing instruments with unique capabilities for atmospheric sounding. A manifold of atmospheric variables can be profiled using different types of lidar: concentration of species, wind speed, temperature, etc. Among them, measurement of the properties of aerosol particles, whose influence in many atmospheric processes is important but is still poorly stated, stands as one of the main fields of application of current lidar systems. This paper presents a review on fundamentals, technology, methodologies and state-of-the art of the lidar systems used to obtain aerosol information. Retrieval of structural (aerosol layers profiling), optical (backscatter and extinction coefficients) and microphysical (size, shape and type) properties requires however different levels of instrumental complexity; this general outlook is structured following a classification that attends these criteria. Thus, elastic systems (detection only of emitted frequencies), Raman systems (detection also of Raman frequency-shifted spectral lines), high spectral resolution lidars, systems with depolarization measurement capabilities and multi-wavelength instruments are described, and the fundamentals in which the retrieval of aerosol parameters is based is in each case detailed.Peer ReviewedPostprint (published version

TRIBUNAL ARBITRAL DE CONSORCIO CONLINEA 3 (CONSTRUCTORA CONCONCRETO S.A., CSS CONSTRUCTORES S.A. y ESTYMA ESTUDIOS Y MANEJOS S.A.) VS. INSTITUTO NACIONAL DE VÍAS - INVÍAS

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